Secure user plane location (SUPL) redirection and mobile location protocol (MLP) tunneling to a discovered SLP

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for Secure User Plane (SUPL) Redirection and Mobile Location Protocol (MLP) Tunneling to a Discovered SUPL Location Platform (D-SLP) are disclosed. For example, a method for SUPL redirection by a SET, may include: receiving an initiation message at a SET from a Home SUPL Location Platform (H-SLP); establishing a secure connection with the H-SLP, and returning a response message; receiving a redirect message from the H-SLP; establishing a SET initiated SUPL session with a D-SLP; obtaining a location of the SET using the D-SLP; and returning the location to the H-SLP.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/528,142, titled “Systems and Methods for Secure User PlaneLocation (SUPL) Redirection and Mobile Location Protocol (MLP) Tunnelingto a Discovered SLP,” filed on Aug. 26, 2011, the entirety of which ishereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to location determination, forexample using Secure User Plan Location (SUPL), and to use of aDiscovered SUPL Location Platform (D-SLP). For example, embodimentsdescribed herein may include Secure User Plane Redirection and MobileLocation Protocol Tunneling to a D-SLP.

BACKGROUND

Mobile devices, such as mobile phones, notebook, computers, etc.,typically have the ability to estimate their location and/or positionusing any one of several technologies such as, for example, satellitepositioning systems (SPSs)—e.g., GPS, Galileo, Glonass and the like,advanced forward link trilateration (AFLT), Observed Time Difference OfArrival (OTDOA), Cell ID or Enhanced Cell ID (ECID). Location orposition estimation techniques typically involve the processing ofmeasurements which may be based on signals acquired at a mobile devicereceiver. For example, a mobile device may acquire SPS signals or pilotsignals transmitted from a terrestrial base station. Various measuredcharacteristics of the acquired signals such as phase, signal strength,time of arrival, and/or round trip delay may be used in computing aposition fix.

In a particular implementation, User Plane (UP) positioning such as SUPL(Secure User Plane Location) as set forth by the Open Mobile Alliance(OMA) is a framework within which location estimates obtained at amobile device (e.g. a SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET)) or at a separatelocation server (e.g. SUPL Location Platform (SLP)) may be madeavailable to other entities as part of a location service. Making theselocation estimates available to other entities (e.g. an external clientsuch as a SUPL Agent) may be useful in particular applications such as,for example, providing emergency services, locating a user on behalf ofanother client user, obtaining driving directions or finding a nearbygas station, hotel, airport or hospital. Additionally, in certaininstances a mobile device may also communicate with an SLP to obtainpositioning assistance data such as, for example, a rough location,accurate time reference, data to assist in acquisition of SPS orterrestrial radio signals, local indoor navigation assistance data, SPSephemeris data to assist in computing a location from SPS measurements.A location estimate may be referred to as a location, estimatedlocation, position or position estimate—these terms being usedsynonymously herein.

In the case that an external SUPL Agent needs the location of a SET, theSUPL Agent would typically send a location request to the Home SLP(H-SLP) for the SET which would then instigate a SUPL session with theSET to obtain the SET's location after which the H-SLP would return theobtained location to the SUPL Agent. When a SET (SUPL enabled terminal)such as a mobile device is not served either by the home network or by anetwork with properties known to the SET's H-SLP (home SUPL locationplatform), however, it may not be possible for the H-SLP to obtain anaccurate location for the SET or for the SET to obtain its own locationaccurately by engaging in a SUPL (Secure User Plane Location) sessionwith the H-SLP.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods forSecure User Plane Redirection and Mobile Location Protocol Tunneling toa Discovered SLP (D-SLP). For example, in one embodiment, a method forpositioning obtaining a location, comprises: engaging in a firstlocation session with an H-SLP; receiving a message to switch betweencommunicating with the H-SLP to a D-SLP; engaging a second positioninglocation session with the D-SLP based on the received message; andobtaining a location of a SET.

In a further embodiment, a system for redirection comprises: a H-SLPcomprising: a transmitter configured to transmit an initiation messageto a SET; a processor configured to establish a connection with the SET;and a receiver configured to receive a response message, wherein thetransmitter is further configured to transmit a redirect message to theSET subsequent to receipt of the response message, and wherein thereceiver is further configured to receive a message comprising alocation of the SET from the SET subsequent to transmission of theredirect message.

In a further embodiment, a system for obtaining a location comprises aSET comprising: a receiver configured to receive a message to connect toa D-SLP; and a processor configured to: engage in a first locationsession with an H-SLP; establish a second location session with theD-SLP based on the received message; and obtain a location of the SET.

These illustrative embodiments are mentioned not to limit or define theinvention, but to provide examples to aid understanding thereof.Illustrative embodiments are discussed in the Detailed Description, andfurther description of the invention is provided there. Advantagesoffered by various embodiments may be further understood by examiningthis specification.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a system diagram describing an exemplary embodiment of a SUPLArchitecture.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart describing an exemplary embodiment for use of aSUPL redirect.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart describing an exemplary embodiment for use of MLPtunneling.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram describing an example of a method for SUPLredirect for immediate location.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram describing an example of a method for SETInitiated Location with a D-SLP.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a wireless telecommunication system.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of components of a mobile device shown in FIG.6.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a SLP (SUPL Location Platform) incommunication with a SET (SUPL Enabled Terminal).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As an initial matter, the following abbreviations will be usedthroughout this application with the given meanings:

SUPL Secure User Plane Location A location solution defined by OMA thatuses established data- bearing channels and separate positioningprotocols for the exchange of location data between a SUPL EnabledTerminal (SET) and a SUPL Location Platform (SLP). SUPL is a keyenabling technology for Location-Based Services (LBS). For example, someembodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented using SUPLversion 3.0. SET SUPL Enabled Terminal A device that can communicatewith a SUPL server (SLP). Communication with the SLP is handled by SUPLsupporting software running on the device. A SET could be a mobilephone, wireless PDA, PC, or any other device that can connect wirelesslyor by wireline means to an IP network. SUPL Secure User Plane Softwareor hardware entity that Agent Location Agent accesses an SLP or a SET toobtain location information applicable to a SET. SLP SUPL LocationPlatform A server that provides positions or position assistance data toa SET, provides location information for a SET to a SUPL Agent and mayalso support functions related to roaming, security, authentication,charging, and more. H-SLP Home SLP The SLP to which a SET user ispermanently subscribed for location services and that is typically partof the user's home wireless network. D-SLP Discovered SLP An SLPdiscovered or provided to a SET that is typically outside of a user'shome wireless network. MLP Mobile Location Protocol An application-levelprotocol defined by OMA for sending and receiving the locationinformation of a mobile device such as a mobile phone or wireless PDA.MLP is the data interface used between SUPL providers, or between a SUPLAgent and an SLP. ULP User Plane Location A protocol defined by OMA thatProtocol supports the exchange of location related data between a SETand an SLP. In addition to location data, ULP also handles the exchangeof authentication data. ULP is transported using TCP/IP and is part ofSUPL. UDP User Datagram Protocol A transport layer protocol defined byIETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) and making use of IP transfer.SLIR Standard Location The MLP message used to request Immediate Requestthe location of a mobile device (e.g. a SET). The SLIR message maycontain an ID of the targeted mobile device, an access code forobtaining the position of the mobile device, quality of position (QoP)and positioning priority, the ID of the service or application that isrequesting the position of the mobile device, and additionalinformation. SLIA Standard Location The MLP message sent in ImmediateAnswer response to an SLIR message. The SLIA message may contain aunique ID number for the request, the ID of the targeted mobile device,the position of the mobile device, the time at which the position wascalculated, and additional information. RLP Roaming Location Protocol Aprotocol defined by OMA that serves as the interface between twolocation servers. In the context of SUPL, RLP would be used incommunications between 2 SLPs - e.g. might be used between an H- SLP anda D-SLP. RLP adheres to Mobile Location Protocol (MLP) structure. GPSGlobal Positioning System A system used to determine the location of adevice (e.g. mobile device or SET) using orbiting GPS satellites. AGPSAssisted GPS A method of GPS positioning whereby the GPS receiver isassisted in acquiring satellites and calculating positions by gettingGPS ephemeris and other GPS related assistance data through a meansother than directly from the GPS satellites - e.g. from an SLP using theULP protocol or using a positioning protocol carried within ULPmessages. QoP Quality of Position The required level of accuracy andresponse delay associated with a location request. LCS Location ServicesA generic term for services and related applications that are based onthe geographic or civic location of a mobile device, and may bechanneled through wireless communication networks.

Traditional GPS receivers work best in open areas that offer anunobstructed line of sight to the GPS satellites orbiting overhead. Inplaces where GPS signals are weak, obstructed, or scattered, as is thecase inside a building, building complex, subway or in an urban canyon,traditional GPS receivers compute positions intermittently at best andfrequently cannot compute positions at all. AGPS technology can deliverpositions in some, though not all, places where traditional GPSreceivers fail.

SUPL is a location solution that can enable use of AGPS and otherpositioning methods such as AFLT, OTDOA and ECID that was developed bythe Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). The SUPL architecture is composed of twobasic elements: a SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET) and a SUPL LocationPlatform (SLP). The SET is a mobile device, such as a phone, PDA, tabletcomputer, or other device, which has been configured to support SUPLtransactions. The SLP is a server or network equipment stack thathandles tasks associated with user authentication, location requests,provision of location assistance data, location-based applicationdownloads, charging, and roaming.

A strength of SUPL is the utilization of existing positioning protocols,IP connections, and data-bearing channels. SUPL supports positioningprotocols developed for the exchange of location data between a mobiledevice and a location server, including LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP),LPP Extensions (LPPe), Radio Resource Location Protocol (RRLP) andTIA-801. LPP and RRLP are defined by the 3^(rd) Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP), LPPe is defined by OMA and TIA-801 is defined by the3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)—all in publiclyavailable documents. The LPPe protocol is an extension of the LPPprotocol with LPP normally being used by SUPL either by itself or incombination with LPPe. SUPL also allows use of MLP and RLP and definesULP for communication between a SET and SLP. MLP is used in the exchangeof location based services data between elements such as an SLP and aSUPL Agent; RLP is used between two SLPs; ULP is used in the exchange oflocation data between an SLP and a SET.

In some embodiments, an external client may comprise a SUPL Agent. ASUPL Agent may indirectly acquire an estimated location of a SET fromthe mobile device. For example, to acquire an estimated location of amobile device, a SUPL Agent may transmit a message to an SLP requestingthe estimated location. After receiving the message from the SUPL Agent,the SLP may initiate a SUPL session with the mobile device to obtain anestimated location of the mobile device, which may subsequently betransmitted from the SLP to the SUPL Agent. The estimated location maybe obtained in a plurality of ways. Two example ways include (i) wherethe mobile device makes measurements (e.g. of SPS signals and/orterrestrial radio signals from nearby base stations and/or otherwireless access points) and transfers the measurements to the SLP forthe SLP to compute the estimated location; and (ii) where the mobiledevice makes measurements as in (i) and in addition computes theestimated location itself, possibly making use of assistance data (e.g.SPS ephemeris data) provided by the SLP in order to do this.

In one embodiment, a mobile device may be associated with a homelocation server such as a home SLP (H-SLP) having location assistancedata that is generally applicable to regions where the user device maybe located at any particular time. Here, regardless of a currentlocation of the mobile device, the mobile device may communicate withits H-SLP to obtain various location services, positioning assistancedata, location based service information, etc.

In certain situations, however, an H-SLP may not have a particularlocation service and/or certain desired positioning assistance data,etc., for a mobile device to use in obtaining navigation assistance. Forexample, if the mobile device is located inside a building structuresuch as a shopping mall, airport, civic center or hospital, the H-SLPmay be able to provide assistance data related to nearby base stationsexternal to the building structure and to certain SPSs, but may not haveinformation on wireless access points inside the building structure suchas Wireless LAN Access Points or Femtocells. In that case, it may not bepossible to obtain an accurate location estimate for the mobiledevice—e.g. if the mobile device can measure signals from the wirelessaccess points inside the building structure but due to signalattenuation and reflection caused by the building structure, is unableto measure or accurately measure signals from SPS satellites andexternal base stations. In certain other cases, the H-SLP may not knowabout base stations nearby to the mobile device (e.g. if the mobiledevice is in a country or region remote from the H-SLP), making locationestimation difficult or impossible even when the mobile device isoutdoors and not within a building structure. In these cases, it may bebeneficial for a SET or SUPL Agent to obtain location services from aD-SLP that may be more local to the SET than the SET's H-SLP and thatmay have more information on the SET's local environment (e.g. on nearbybase stations and WiFi access points). A SET may discover a suitableD-SLP by itself and obtain authorization to use the D-SLP from its H-SLPor the SET may ask its H-SLP to provide the identity of a suitable D-SLPappropriate to the SET's current location. Thus, in certain situations(e.g. when a SET is roaming outside of its home network), the SET mayaccess a D-SLP that has been discovered by the SET or by the SET's H-SLPand subsequently authorized for use by the H-SLP. In this situation, itmay be better to obtain the SET's location using the D-SLP—e.g. becausethe D-SLP can obtain a more accurate and reliable location than theH-SLP. But the SUPL Agent may not be aware of the D-SLP or have asubscription to obtain location services from the D-SLP. Thus, it may bebeneficial to enable a SUPL Agent to obtain location services from aD-SLP in a manner that does not require the SUPL Agent to discover aD-SLP itself or have a subscription for location services with the D-SLPprovider.

In order to enable a SET to receive better location services whenroaming away from its home network and allow SUPL Agents to obtain moreaccurate and reliable location of the SET, SUPL (e.g. SUPL version 3.0)allows the use of a D-SLP that may be discovered by a SET or provided toa SET by the SET's H-SLP. In both cases, the H-SLP also authorizes theSET to use the D-SLP. In some embodiments, an H-SLP may provide orauthorize more than one D-SLP for a SET and may indicate conditionsunder which a SET is allowed to access a D-SLP. Examples of suchconditions include some defined period of time during which a SET mayaccess a specific D-SLP, a geographic service area in which a SET mustbe located in order to access a specific D-SLP and a set of one or moreaccess networks, one of which a SET must be using in order to access aD-SLP. The possibility to provide or authorize more than one D-SLP to aSET combined with the conditions under which a SET may access any D-SLPmeans that an H-SLP may not always know which D-SLP a SET is currentlyusing to obtain location services. However, SUPL enables a SET to send areport to its H-SLP whenever it starts accessing any D-SLP for the firsttime or for the first time after having accessed some other D-SLP. Whenthis SUPL option is used, an H-SLP can know which D-SLP a SET is usingat any time.

FIG. 1 shows a system diagram describing an exemplary embodiment of aSUPL Architecture 100. As shown in FIG. 1, an exemplary SUPLarchitecture may comprise: a GPS satellite 150, a SET 104, avisited/serving network 102 a, one or more D-SLPs 130 b, a home network102 b, a H-SLP 102 for SET 104, and a SUPL Agent 112.

As shown in FIG. 1, SET 104 may have a home network 102 b but may, atany time, be using a different visited/serving network 102 a. In somecases, when SET 104 is not roaming, the visited/serving network 102 aand home network 102 b may be the same network. Each of visited/servingnetwork 102 a and home network 102 b may be a Code Division MultipleAccess (CDMA) network, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network, aFrequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) network, an OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) network, a Single-CarrierFrequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) network, and so on. A CDMAnetwork may implement one or more radio access technologies (RATs) suchas cdma2000, cdma2000 Evolution Data Only (EvDO), Wideband-CDMA(W-CDMA), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access(TD-SCDMA), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) to name just a few radiotechnologies. Here, cdma2000 may include technologies implementedaccording to Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) IS-95,IS-2000, and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network may implement GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service(GPRS), Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), or some otherRAT. GSM, GPRS, W-CDMA and HSPA are described in documents from 3GPP.Cdma2000 is described in documents from 3GPP and 3GPP2, which arepublicly available. SET 104 may also access a local area network (LAN)(not shown in FIG. 1) which may support visited/serving network 102 a orprovide access to visited/serving network 102 a or home network 102 b.Examples of a LAN include an IEEE 802.11x wireless LAN (WLAN) network,and a Bluetooth network. Wireless communication networks used byvisited/serving network 102 a and home network 102 b may also includeso-called next generation technologies (e.g., “4G”), such as, forexample, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3GPP LTE Advanced, IEEE 802.16WiMAX, 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), or other types of wirelesscommunication networks.

SET 104 may correspond to a mobile device, such as a phone, PDA, tabletcomputer, or other device, which has been configured to support SUPLtransactions. Interaction between SET 104 and H-SLP 102 or a D-SLP 130 bis done through ULP (User Plane Location Protocol), which is a TCP/IPbased protocol that can be used over GPRS, HSPA, LTE, CDMA EvDO, IEEE802.11 WLAN or any other air interface approved for use in SUPL systems.SET 104 may further comprise LBS Applications and SUPL Agents. An LBSapplication may comprise any application that requests and uses locationinformation, such as a navigation, tracking, or “friend-finder”application. SUPL Agent software is responsible for gaining access tothe network resources required for the location session.

As shown in FIG. 1, one embodiment of an SLP architecture may compriseSUPL Agent 112. SUPL Agent 112 may comprise a software or hardwareentity that accesses the SLP (e.g. H-SLP 102) to obtain locationinformation for a SET—e.g. SET 104. For example, SUPL Agent 112 maycomprise tracking software on a desktop that sends a location request toH-SLP 102 to determine the location of SET 104. In some embodiments, SET104 may further comprise an internal SUPL Agent (not shown in FIG. 1).For example, in such an embodiment, the internal SUPL Agent may comprisea mobile GPS application on a mobile device.

Also shown in FIG. 1 is the H-SLP 102 for SET 104 which may be part ofor accessed from the home network. FIG. 1 also shows two D-SLPs 130 bthat may be part of or accessed via the visited/serving network 102 a.One or both D-SLPs 130 b may be discovered by SET 104 while roaming inor nearby to the visited/serving network 102 a or may be identified toSET 104 by the H-SLP 102. In either case, the H-SLP 102 may authorizeSET 104 to obtain location services from one or both D-SLPs 130 b and/orto accept a location request from one or both D-SLPs 130 b to obtain thelocation of SET 104 and provide the location to some external clientsuch as SUPL Agent 112. The H-SLP 102 may impose conditions under whichSET 104 is allowed to access a D-SLP 130 b to obtain location services.The conditions may include a period of time during which D-SLP 130 baccess is permitted, a geographic service area for a D-SLP 130 b withinwhich SET 104 must be located in order to access the D-SLP 130 b and aset of access networks (e.g. visited/serving network 102 a), one ofwhich SET 104 must be using in order to access the D-SLP 130 b. When SET104 accesses a D-SLP 130 b it may obtain location services such asrequesting and receiving assistance data to enable SET 104 to makemeasurements associated with different position methods (e.g. AGPS,OTDOA, AFLT) and/or to enable SET 104 to compute its location from thesemeasurements.

Under some circumstances, a D-SLP 130 b may authorize and provideanother D-SLP for SET 104. This may occur when SET 104 is in an areaknown to a discovered and authorized D-SLP 130 b but not known to theSET 104's H-SLP 102. For example, in one embodiment, a SET may beroaming in another country where the SET's H-SLP is able to provide andauthorize a D-SLP (S1) in this country that can provide locationservices in most parts of the country but is not able to provideadequate location services in certain restricted areas such in a certainshopping mall, airport, hospital etc. In this case, there may be anotherD-SLP (S2) that is able to provide better location services in therestricted area than the currently authorized D-SLP (S1), but this otherD-SLP (S2) may not be known to the H-SLP. In this case, the H-SLP mayauthorize the initial D-SLP (S1) to act as a proxy for the H-SLP andprovide and authorize other D-SLPs—such as D-SLP (S2). This capabilityis defined for example in SUPL version 3.0. In FIG. 1, one D-SLP 130 bmay be a proxy D-SLP provided and authorized by the H-SLP 120 whileanother D-SLP 130 b may be provided and authorized by this proxy D-SLP130 b.

In FIG. 1, SUPL Agent 112 may normally access the H-SLP 102 when itwishes to obtain the location of SET 104. If SET 104 is not roaming orif the H-SLP 102 did not provide and authorize a D-SLP 130 b for SET104, H-SLP 102 may instigate a SUPL session with SET 104 and obtain theSET location using ULP or any of the positioning protocols supportedwithin ULP, for example, such as RRLP, LPP, LPP plus LPPe or TIA-801.The H-SLP 102 may then return the SET 104 location to SUPL Agent 112.But if the H-SLP 102 has provided or authorized one or more D-SLPs 130 bfor SET 104, then the H-SLP 102 may be able to obtain a more accurateand reliable location using a provided or authorized D-SLP 130 b asdescribed further on herein.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart describing an exemplary embodiment for secureuser plane redirect. In some embodiments, the steps in FIG. 2 may beimplemented in program code that is executed by a processor, forexample, the processor in a general purpose computer, a mobile device,or server. In some embodiments, these steps may be implemented by agroup of processors, for example, a processor on a mobile device andprocessors on one or more general purpose computers, such as servers.For example, in some embodiments the steps in FIG. 5 may be performed byProcessor 720, Memory 722, Software 724, Antenna(s) 728, and I/O Devices726 of SET 712. In some embodiments, some of the steps may be performedby Processor 811 executing instructions 814 stored on memory 812 of oneor more SUPL Servers 810 and using one or more transmitters, receivers,and antennas of one or more SUPL Servers 810 (not shown in FIG. 8).

As shown in FIG. 2, the method 200 starts at stage 202 when the H-SLP(such as SLP 810 shown in FIG. 8) sends a SUPL INIT message to the SET(e.g. SET 104 in FIG. 1). For example, in some embodiments, SLP 801 maydetermine this message using processor 811 and send it using atransmitter and antenna (not shown in FIG. 8). In some embodiments, SET712 may receive the request using Antenna(s) 728. This step may betriggered when a SUPL Agent (e.g. SUPL Agent 112 in FIG. 1) sends alocation request (e.g. via MLP) to the H-SLP to request the location ofthe SET, for example using Antenna(s) 728. In some embodiments, the SUPLINIT message is the first SUPL message sent to a SET by an SLP wheninstigating any SUPL session with a SET—e.g. to obtain the location ofthe SET. In some embodiments, the SUPL INIT message may comprise a newD-SLP related flag (e.g. as indicated using a new position method value)indicating that location via a D-SLP may be needed.

Next, at stage 204, the SET establishes a secure connection to theH-SLP. For example, in some embodiments, SET 712 may establish thesecure connection using processor 720. In some embodiments, the SET mayfurther return a SUPL POS INIT containing information about currentD-SLPs that have been authorized for the SET by the H-SLP or by a proxyD-SLP if the SET has any proxy D-SLPs that have provided and authorizedother D-SLPs. For example, in some embodiments, the SET 712 may returnthis message using processor 720 and Antenna(s) 728. For example, in oneembodiment, the SUPL POS INIT may comprise a list of currentlyauthorized D-SLPs and whether the SET is within the geographic servicearea of each of these D-SLPs. In other embodiments, the SUPL POS INITmay comprise an indication of whether the SET has any authorized D-SLPsand is within the geographic service area of at least one of them. Instill other embodiments, the SUPL POS INIT could provide initialposition measurements. For example, these initial position measurementsmay be based on the ECID, OTDOA or some other position method.

Then, at stage 206, the H-SLP and SET engage in a SUPL POS session inwhich the SET and H-SLP exchange SUPL POS messages each containing oneor more messages supporting a positioning protocol such as LPP,LPP/LPPe, RRLP or TIA-801. For example, in some embodiments, SLP 801 mayexchange messages using processor 811 and send it using a transmitter,receiver, and antenna (not shown in FIG. 8). In some embodiments, SET720 may exchange messages using Antenna(s) 728. In some embodiments, theSUPL POS session may let the H-SLP get an approximate or even accuratelocation of the SET. In some embodiments, this stage can be omitted.

Next, at stage 208, the H-SLP sends a SUPL REDIRECT message to the SET.For example, in some embodiments, SLP 801 may determine this messageusing processor 811 and send it using a transmitter and antenna (notshown in FIG. 8). In some embodiments, the SET 712 may receive the SUPLREDIRECT using Antenna(s) 728. In some embodiments, the SUPL REDIRECTmessage may contain an authorized D-SLP address (e.g. the address of aD-SLP 130 b in FIG. 1), a billing code and/or a digitally signed set ofinformation (e.g. digitally signed authentication data) to enable aD-SLP to verify the identity of the SET and/or the identity of theH-SLP. The digitally signed information may include one or more of thebilling code, the date and time, the SET identity and the H-SLPidentity. In some embodiments, if no D-SLP address is provided, the SETcan use any authorized D-SLP, if the SET is in that D-SLP's servicearea.

Then at stage 210, the SET establishes a separate SET initiated SUPLsession with either the D-SLP provided in stage 208 or a D-SLP chosen bythe SET if no D-SLP was provided. For example, in some embodiments, theSET 712 may determine a D-SLP by executing software 724 stored on memory722 with processor 720. The D-SLP may, for example, be a D-SLP 130 bshown in FIG. 1. The SET then obtains its (SET) location via SUPLinteraction with the D-SLP and performing location measurements asdirected by the D-SLP or as decided by the SET. In some embodiments, theSET provides the billing code and/or digitally signed information fromstage 208 above to the D-SLP. For example, the SET 712 may send thesemessages using Antenna(s) 728. For example, the SET may provide thebilling code and/or digitally signed information to the D-SLP in theSUPL START message. In some embodiments, this may ensure that the D-SLPoperator will not bill the SET user for the location session, but willinstead bill the H-SLP operator. In some embodiments, the D-SLP may usethe digitally signed information to authenticate the identity of the SETand/or the identity of the H-SLP. In some embodiments, the H-SLPoperator may pass on the charge to the SUPL Agent for which the locationrequest in stage 202 was initiated.

At stage 212, the SET sends a SUPL END or a SUPL REPORT to the H-SLPwith the location from stage 210. The SUPL session between the H-SLP andSET may then terminate—e.g. the H-SLP may send a SUPL END message to theSET if the SET did not send a SUPL END in stage 212. For example, insome embodiments, SLP 801 may determine this message using processor 811and send it using a transmitter and antenna (not shown in FIG. 8). TheSET 712 may receive these messages using Antenna(s) 728. However, othercomponents discussed in FIG. 1 above may have additional stages. Forexample, in some embodiments, the client application in the SUPL Agentmay continue to perform additional tasks.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart describing an exemplary embodiment for use of MLPtunneling. In some embodiments, the stages in FIG. 3 may be implementedin program code that is executed by a processor, for example, theprocessor in a general purpose computer, a mobile device, or server. Insome embodiments, these stages may be implemented by a group ofprocessors, for example, a processor on a mobile device and processorson one or more general purpose computers, such as servers. For example,in some embodiments the steps in FIG. 5 may be performed by Processor720, Memory 722, Software 724, Antenna(s) 728, and I/O Devices 726 ofSET 712. In some embodiments, some of the steps may be performed byProcessor 811 executing instructions 814 stored on memory 812 of one ormore SUPL Servers 810 and using one or more transmitters, receivers, andantennas of one or more SUPL Servers 810 (not shown in FIG. 8).

As shown in FIG. 3, the method 300 starts at stage 302 when an LCSclient (e.g. SUPL Agent 112 in FIG. 1) sends an MLP request to locate aparticular SET (e.g. SET 104 in FIG. 1). For example, the SET 712 mayreceive these messages using Antenna(s) 728. In some embodiments, theLCS client sends the MLP request to the H-SLP (such as SLP 810 shown inFIG. 8) for the SET for which the location is needed (e.g. the LCSclient sends the MLP request to H-SLP 102 in FIG. 1).

Next, at stage 304, the H-SLP determines that a D-SLP (e.g. a D-SLP 130b in FIG. 1) will be better able to obtain the SET's location. Forexample, in some embodiments, SLP 801 may determine this using processor811. For example, the H-SLP may have previously provided and authorizedone or more D-SLPs for the SET and/or may have received reports from theSET concerning recently accessed D-SLPs. For example, the SET 712 maysend these reports using Antenna(s) 728. Consequently, the H-SLP may beaware that the SET is using a D-SLP that can provide better locationsupport than the H-SLP. The H-SLP may also be able to determine whichD-SLP is best able to locate the SET—e.g. from the D-SLP most recentlyreported by the SET as having been accessed or from a recent locationfor the SET obtained by the H-SLP, which is associated with a particularpreferred D-SLP. In some embodiments, the H-SLP may therefore send theMLP request received in stage 302 to a preferred D-SLP. In someembodiments, the H-SLP may send this message by a process referred toherein as “tunneling.” Tunneling uses a RLP tunneling capability totransfer a message without any change to that message. For example, inone embodiment, an RLP tunneling capability may be used to transfer theMLP Request message received in stage 302 without any change to themessage. RLP is a protocol that serves as the interface between twolocation servers. In some embodiments, in the context of SUPL, RLP isused in communications between the H-SLP and a D-SLP. RLP adheres toMobile Location Protocol (MLP) structure. In some embodiments, this RLPtunneling impacts the H-SLP, D-SLP and the RLP protocol but may besimpler than implementing the complete RLP protocol in both the H-SLPand D-SLP—thereby reducing impacts in comparison to translating the MLPrequest message received in stage 302 into an equivalent RLP message. Insome embodiments, this RLP tunneling may be similar to proxy roamingsupport in SUPL 2.0 except that MLP messages would be tunneled and notULP messages (thereby avoiding any impacts to SUPL and avoidingassociated impacts to a SET).

Then, at stage 306, the recipient D-SLP, may further tunnel the MLPrequest to another D-SLP (e.g. another D-SLP 130 b in FIG. 1). In someembodiments, this stage may occur if the D-SLP chosen in stage 304 is aproxy D-SLP and has previously provided or authorized another D-SLP tothe SET. However, a proxy D-SLP may only tunnel the MLP request to aD-SLP that has already been authorized by the proxy D-SLP. In someembodiments, the tunneling messages in stages 304 and 306 may provideadditional information about the SET which the H-SLP has but not theD-SLP. In some embodiments, stage 306 may not occur and stages 308 and310 may be supported by the D-SLP chosen by the H-SLP in stage 304.

Next at stage 308, the recipient D-SLP authenticates the H-SLP and notthe SUPL Agent. This authentication may be supported using secure IP(IPsec), TLS or authentication information provided within RLP. In someembodiments, the SUPL Agent is authenticated by the H-SLP. Similarly, insome embodiments, service authorization is performed only by the H-SLPand not by a D-SLP which may accept whatever service request is tunneledthrough by the H-SLP.

Then at stage 310, the recipient D-SLP may instigate a network initiatedSUPL session with the SET to obtain its location. The D-SLP can notifythe SET concerning the original LCS Client if the H-SLP included thisinformation with the MLP Request tunneled to the D-SLP in stages 304 and306. For example, the SET 712 may receive these messages usingAntenna(s) 728. The SET can then decide whether or not to allow thelocation request. In some embodiments, the D-SLP will then return thelocation to the H-SLP in an MLP response. In some embodiments, if theProxy D-SLP discussed in stage 306 was utilized, then the MLP responseand SET location will be tunneled using RLP back via the Proxy D-SLP tothe H-SLP.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram describing an example of a method for SUPLredirect for immediate location. The example provides furtherembodiments of the design described in FIG. 2. In some embodiments, thestages in FIG. 4 may be implemented in program code that is executed bya processor, for example, the processor in a general purpose computer orserver. In some embodiments, these stages may be implemented by a groupof processors, for example, a processor on a mobile device andprocessors on one or more general purpose computers, such as servers.For example, in some embodiments the steps in FIG. 5 may be performed byProcessor 720, Memory 722, Software 724, Antenna(s) 728, and I/O Devices726 of SET 712. In some embodiments, some of the steps may be performedby Processor 811 executing instructions 814 stored on memory 812 of oneor more SUPL Servers 810 and using one or more transmitters, receivers,and antennas of one or more SUPL Servers 810 (not shown in FIG. 8).

As shown in FIG. 4, the method 400 starts at stage 402 when a SUPL Agent(e.g. SUPL Agent 112 in FIG. 1) sends an MLP SLIR message to the H-SLP(e.g. H-SLP 102 in FIG. 1 or SLP 810 shown in FIG. 8), with which it isassociated to request the location of a particular SET (e.g. SET 104 inFIG. 1). Then the H-SLP will authenticate the identity (e.g. aclient-id) of the SUPL Agent and check if the SUPL Agent is authorizedfor the service requested. In some embodiments, this authenticationprocedure is based on the client-id received from the SUPL Agent. TheH-SLP may also provide privacy checking for the SET based on the SETidentity (e.g. defined by an MLP ms-id parameter) and client-id. In someembodiments, the H-SLP may also verify that the target SET supportsSUPL.

In some embodiments, if a previously computed position for the SET thatmeets the requested QoP (Quality of Position) is available at the H-SLPand no notification and verification by the SET is required, the H-SLPwill directly proceed to stage 420. In other embodiments, ifnotification and verification or notification only is required, theH-SLP will proceed to stage 404.

Then, at stage 404, the H-SLP initiates the location session with theSET by sending the SUPL INIT message to the SET. For example, in someembodiments, SLP 801 may determine this message using processor 811 andsend it using a transmitter and antenna (not shown in FIG. 8). Forexample, the SET 712 may receive this messages using Antenna(s) 728. TheSUPL INIT message contains the intended positioning method (posMethod),the SLP Capabilities (sLPCapabilities) and optionally the QoP. In someembodiments, if the result of the privacy check in stage 402 indicatesthat notification and/or verification of the target subscriber isneeded, the H-SLP also includes the Notification parameter in the SUPLINIT message. In some embodiments, before the SUPL INIT message is sent,the H-SLP also computes and stores the hash of the SUPL INIT message.

In some embodiments, if in stage 402 the H-SLP decided to use apreviously computed position, the SUPL INIT message will indicate thisin a ‘no position’ posMethod parameter value and the SET will respondwith a SUPL END message carrying the results of the verification process(access granted or access denied). For example, in some embodiments, SLP801 may make this determination using processor 811. In otherembodiments, if no explicit verification is required (notification only)the SET will respond with a SUPL END message, and then H-SLP willproceed directly to stage 420. For example, the SET 712 may send thesemessages using Antenna(s) 728. But in such an embodiment, before sendingthe SUPL END message, the SET will perform the data connection setupprocedure of stage 406 and use the procedures described in stage 408 toestablish a TLS connection to the H-SLP.

Next, at stage 406, the SET analyzes the received SUPL INIT message. Forexample, the SET 712 may analyze the received message with processor720. In some embodiments, if the SUPL INIT message is found to be notauthentic, the SET takes no further action. In other embodiments, theSET takes required action to prepare for the establishment of a TLSconnection with the H-SLP. In some embodiments, the SET also calculatesthe hash of the received SUPL INIT message.

Then at stage 408, the SET evaluates the Notification rules and takesthe appropriate action—e.g. the SET may notify the SET user about thelocation request and may verify the user's willingness to allow thelocation request. For example, the SET 712 may evaluate the Notificationrules using processor 720, and notify the user using one or more of I/Odevices 726. The SET may then establish a TLS connection to the H-SLPusing the H-SLP address provisioned in the SET by the home network (e.g.provisioned during SET manufacture). The SET and the H-SLP mayauthenticate one another during the establishment of the TLS connection.The SET then sends a SUPL POS INIT message to start a positioningsession with the H-SLP. In some embodiments, the SET will send the SUPLPOS INIT message even if the SET does not support the intendedpositioning method indicated in the SUPL INIT. The SUPL POS INIT messagecontains the SET capabilities (sETCapabilities) and the hash of thereceived SUPL INIT message calculated in stage 406. The SET capabilitiesmay indicate that the SET supports a SUPL Redirect. The SUPL POS INITmessage may include a list of authorized D-SLPs for the SET and anindication as to whether the SET is within the service area of any D-SLPor of a particular D-SLP. In some embodiments, the SUPL POS INIT messagemay also include a SUPL POS message carrying LPP/LPPe and/or TIA-801positioning protocol messages in line with the H-SLP's positioningprotocol capabilities (e.g. as indicated in stage 404 insLPCapabilities). In some embodiments, the SET may also provide itsposition, if this is supported (as part of LPP/LPPe/TIA-801 orexplicitly through the optional position parameter in the SUPL POSINIT). In some embodiments, if a position retrieved in, or calculatedbased on information received in the SUPL POS INIT message is available,and meets the required QoP, the H-SLP may directly proceed to stage 418and not engage in a SUPL POS session.

Next, at stage 410, the SET and H-SLP engage in a SUPL POS messageexchange to calculate a position. Each SUPL POS message sent by theH-SLP or SET may contain one or more messages for the LPP, LPP/LPPe orTIA-801 positioning protocols. For example, in some embodiments, SLP 801may determine these message using processor 811 and send and receivethem using a transmitter, receiver, and antenna (not shown in FIG. 8).For example, the SET 712 may send and receive these messages usingAntenna(s) 728. In some embodiments each positioning protocol messagesent by the H-SLP may (i) transfer assistance data and/or (ii) requestand/or transfer positioning capabilities and/or (iii) request locationinformation. Further, in some embodiments, each positioning protocolmessage sent by the SET may (i) request assistance data and/or (ii)request and/or transfer positioning capabilities and/or (iii) transferlocation information (e.g. location measurements or a locationestimate). These contents of positioning protocol messages may berelated to particular position methods (e.g. AGPS, AFLT, OTDOA, ECID)supported by the positioning protocol and by the SET and/or H-SLP. Thepositioning methods used for this session may be determined based on thepositioning capabilities exchanged by the SET and the H-SLP during theSUPL POS message exchange or optionally on positioning capabilitiestransferred within positioning protocol messages by the SET in stage 408above. The H-SLP may calculate a position estimate for the SET based onthe received positioning measurements (SET-Assisted) or the SET maycalculate the position estimate based on assistance obtained from theH-SLP (SET-Based) and transfer the position estimate to the H-SLP.

Then at stage 412, the H-SLP determines that a D-SLP (e.g. a D-SLP 130 bin FIG. 1) may be able to obtain a better location for the SET. Forexample, in some embodiments, SLP 801 may make this determination usingprocessor 811. Stage 412 may occur either before or after stage 410. Inthe former case, stage 410 may not occur. The H-SLP sends a SUPLREDIRECT message to the SET and may include the address of an authorizedD-SLP (e.g. a D-SLP 130 b in FIG. 1), a billing code and/or digitallysigned authentication data. The digitally signed authentication data mayinclude one or more of the billing code, the current date and time, theSET identity and the H-SLP identity. In some embodiments, the H-SLP maydetermine the need for stage 412 based on one or more of the following:

-   -   (a) An indication by the SET in the SUPL POS INIT in stage 408        that the SET supports a SUPL REDIRECT.    -   (b) A list of authorized D-SLPs provided by the SET in the SUPL        POS INIT message in stage 408 and an indication of whether the        SET is within the service area of each authorized D-SLP or of        any authorized D-SLP.    -   (c) Prior knowledge by the H-SLP that the SET supports a SUPL        REDIRECT (e.g. obtained from a previous SUPL session or        determined by the H-SLP operator based on equipment knowledge        for the SET or SET user subscription information).    -   (d) Prior knowledge by the H-SLP that the SET has been assigned        authorized D-SLP addresses which may still be valid (e.g. where        any time duration limit for a D-SLP may not yet have expired        and/or where the SET may be in the geographic service area for a        D-SLP).    -   (e) A recent report from the SET that is has accessed an        authorized D-SLP.    -   (f) A position estimate for the SET obtained in stage 412 that        does not satisfy any QoP requested by the SUPL Agent at stage        402.

Next, at stage 414, the SET establishes a separate SUPL session with aD-SLP (e.g. a D-SLP 130 b in FIG. 1)—e.g. using the procedure describedwith regard to FIG. 5 below, and obtains its location. The SET maydetermine the D-SLP based on any D-SLP included by the H-SLP in the SUPLREDIRECT in stage 412 or the SET may chose a D-SLP based on currentlyauthorized D-SLPs that the SET is allowed to access (e.g. where anyservice duration for a D-SLP has not expired and where the SET is withinany service area for the D-SLP). For example, the SET 712 may establisha separate SUPL session with processor 720 sending and receivingmessages using Antenna(s) 728.

Then, at stage 416, the SET returns the position estimate to the H-SLPin a SUPL REPORT message. Alternatively (not shown in FIG. 4), the SETmay return the position estimate to the H-SLP in a SUPL END message. Forexample, the SET 712 may send and receive these messages usingAntenna(s) 728.

Next, at stage 418, if the SET did not send a SUPL END in stage 416, theH-SLP may send a SUPL END message to the SET indicating that thelocation session has ended. The SET will then release the TLS connectionto the H-SLP and release all resources related to this session. Forexample, the SET 712 may send and receive these messages usingAntenna(s) 728.

At stage 420, the H-SLP sends the position estimate (posresult) back tothe SUPL Agent in an MLP SLIA message and the H-SLP releases allresources related to this session. For example, in some embodiments, SLP801 may determine this message using processor 811 and send it using atransmitter and antenna (not shown in FIG. 8).

In an alternative embodiment to the example described in FIG. 4 above,the H-SLP may transfer a SUPL REINIT message to the SET in stage 404instead of a SUPL NIT message to initiate a new positioning activity foran already ongoing generic SUPL session with the SET. For example, insome embodiments, SLP 801 may determine this message using processor 811and send it using a transmitter and antenna (not shown in FIG. 8). Forexample, the SET 712 may receive these messages using Antenna(s) 728. Inthis embodiment, for example, stages 402 through 420 may occur asdescribed above for FIG. 4 except that (i) no data connection or TLSsession may be set up in stage 406 by the SET if a data connection andTLS session already exist, (ii) a posMethod parameter may not beincluded in the SUPL REINIT in step 404, (iii) notification rules maynot be evaluated by the SET in stage 408, and (iv) stage 418 may beomitted and the generic SUPL session may continue after the SET hasreturned its location to the H-SLP in stage 416.

In another embodiment of the example described above in FIG. 4, stages414 and 416 may be omitted and the H-SLP may terminate the SUPL sessionby sending the SUPL END message in stage 418 either after sending theSUPL REDIRECT in stage 412 or after stage 408 or stage 410 with stage412 then omitted. For example, in some embodiments, SLP 801 maydetermine this message using processor 811 and send it using atransmitter and antenna (not shown in FIG. 8). For example, the SET 712may receive the SUPL END message using Antenna(s) 728. In someembodiments, if step 412 is omitted, the H-SLP may include the requestto use a D-SLP and the other information described for the SUPL REDIRECTin stage 412 in the SUPL END message sent in stage 418. In thisembodiment after the SUPL session in FIG. 4 has been terminated at stage418, the SET may initiate a SUPL session with a D-SLP—e.g. a D-SLPindicated by the H-SLP in the SUPL REDIRECT in stage 412 or the SUPL ENDin stage 418 or a D-SLP determined by the SET. The SET may then obtainits location—e.g. using the procedure described below in FIG. 5. Afterthe SET obtains its location, the SET may transfer the location to theH-SLP by instigating a new SUPL session with the H-SLP and the H-SLP maytransfer the location to the SUPL Agent according to stage 420 in FIG.4. The SET may also transfer other information to the H-SLP wheninstigating the new SUPL session with the H-SLP (e.g. a billing code orother information received from the H-SLP in stage 412) to indicate tothe H-SLP that the new SUPL session is related to the SUPL session inFIG. 4.

In another embodiment, after the SET obtains its location from a SUPLsession with a D-SLP (e.g. using the procedure in FIG. 5), the SET maytransfer the location directly to the SUPL Agent used in FIG. 4—e.g. ifthe H-SLP provides the identity of the SUPL Agent to the SET in the SUPLREDIRECT message sent in stage 412 of FIG. 4 and optionally additionalinformation to enable the SET to indicate to the SUPL Agent that thelocation being provided is associated with the location request in theprocedure in FIG. 4. For example, in such an embodiment, the SET 712 maysend and receive these messages using Antenna(s) 728.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram describing an example of a method for SETInitiated Location with a D-SLP. The example may be used in stage 414 ofFIG. 4. In some embodiments, the stages in FIG. 5 may be implemented inprogram code that is executed by a processor, for example, the processorin a general purpose computer, mobile device, or server. In someembodiments, these stages may be implemented by a group of processors,for example, a processor on a mobile device and processors on one ormore general purpose computers, such as servers. For example, in someembodiments the steps in FIG. 5 may be performed by Processor 720,Memory 722, Software 724, Antenna(s) 728, and I/O Devices 726 of SET712. In some embodiments, some of the steps may be performed byProcessor 811 executing instructions 814 stored on memory 812 of one ormore SUPL Servers 810 and using one or more transmitters, receivers, andantennas of one or more SUPL Servers 810 (not shown in FIG. 8).

As shown in FIG. 5, the method 500 starts at stage 502, when the SET(e.g. SET 104 in FIG. 1) receives a position request from a SUPL Agent(e.g., an application) on the SET or from the H-SLP—e.g. as described inFIG. 4 above in relation to stage 414. For example, in some embodiments,SLP 801 may determine this message using processor 811 and send it usinga transmitter and antenna (not shown in FIG. 8). For example, SET 712may receive the request using Antenna(s) 728. The SET takes appropriateaction to establish a secure TLS connection to an authorized D-SLP (e.g.a D-SLP 130 b in FIG. 1). For example, the D-SLP may be the D-SLPindicated by the H-SLP in the SUPL REDIRECT at stage 412 in FIG. 4 aboveor may be the D-SLP determined by the SET for stage 414 in FIG. 4 above.The SET and the D-SLP may authenticate one another during theestablishment of the TLS connection in stage 502.

Next, at stage 504, the SET establishes a secure TLS connection to theD-SLP and sends a SUPL START message to start a positioning session withthe D-SLP. The SUPL START message contains the SET capabilities(sETCapabilities) and optionally the desired QoP. For example, SET 712may establish the TLS connection using Antenna(s) 728 and processor 720.The QoP may be the QoP received in the SUPL INIT in stage 404 in FIG. 4above. The SUPL START may also include any billing code and/or digitallysigned authentication data received from the H-SLP as described in stage412 of FIG. 4 above. The D-SLP may use the digitally signedauthentication data to authenticate the identity of the SET and/or theidentity of the H-SLP.

In some embodiments, if a previously computed position that meets therequested QoP is available at the D-SLP, the D-SLP will proceed directlyto stage 512 and send a SUPL END message to the SET including theposition result (position). For example, SET 712 may receive the SUPLEND using Antenna(s) 728

Then, at stage 506, the D-SLP sends a SUPL RESPONSE message to the SET.In some embodiments, the SUPL RESPONSE contains the intended positioningmethod (posMethod) and the D-SLP Capabilities (sLPCapabilities). Forexample, SET 712 may receive the SUPL RESPONSE using Antenna(s) 728

Next, at stage 508, the SET sends a SUPL POS INIT message to the D-SLP.For example, SET 712 may send the SUPL POS INIT using Antenna(s) 728. Insome embodiments, the SET sends the SUPL POS INIT message even if theSET does not support the intended positioning method indicated in SUPLRESPONSE. The SUPL POS INIT message contains the SET capabilities(sETCapabilities). In some embodiments, the SUPL POS INIT message mayalso contain a SUPL POS message carrying LPP/LPPe and/or TIA-801positioning protocol messages in line with the D-SLP's positioningprotocol capabilities (indicated in stage 506 in sLPCapabilities). Insome embodiments, the SET may also provide its position, if this issupported (as part of LPP/LPPe/TIA-801 or explicitly through theoptional position parameter in the SUPL POS INIT message). In someembodiments, if a position retrieved in, or calculated based oninformation received in the SUPL POS INIT message is available thatmeets the required QoP, the D-SLP may proceed to stage 512 and notengage in a SUPL POS session.

Then, at stage 510, the SET and D-SLP engage in a SUPL POS messageexchange to calculate a position. For example, SET 712 may send andreceive these messages using Antenna(s) 728. Each SUPL POS message sentby the D-SLP or SET may contain one or more messages for the LPP,LPP/LPPe or TIA-801 positioning protocols. Each positioning protocolmessage sent by the D-SLP may (i) transfer assistance data and/or (ii)request and/or transfer positioning capabilities and/or (iii) requestlocation information. Each positioning protocol message sent by the SETmay (i) request assistance data and/or (ii) request and/or transferpositioning capabilities and/or (iii) transfer location information(e.g. location measurements or a location estimate). These contents ofpositioning protocol messages may be related to particular positionmethods (e.g. AGPS, AFLT, OTDOA, ECID) supported by the positioningprotocol and by the SET and/or D-SLP. The positioning methods used forthis session may be determined based on the positioning capabilitiesexchanged by the SET and the D-SLP during the SUPL POS message exchange.In some embodiments, these positioning capabilities may have beentransferred by the SET in positioning protocol messages sent in stage508. The D-SLP may calculate the position estimate for the SET based onthe received positioning measurements (SET-Assisted) or the SET maycalculate the position estimate based on assistance obtained from theD-SLP (SET-Based).

At stage 512, in some embodiments, once the position calculation iscomplete, the D-SLP sends a SUPL END message to the SET indicating thatthe location session has ended. For example, SET 712 may receive thesemessages using Antenna(s) 728. In some embodiments, the D-SLP may alsosend the position result (position) in SUPL END—e.g. if the D-SLP ratherthan the SET calculated the position estimate in stage 510. In otherembodiments, the SET may have obtained the position result itself—e.g.by making use of assistance data received from the D-SLP at stage 510.In some embodiments, the SET will release the TLS connection to theD-SLP and release all resources related to this session. In someembodiments, the D-SLP will release all resources related to thissession. The D-SLP or the D-SLP operator may transfer any billing codereceived in stage 504 to the H-SLP or the H-SLP operator (not shown inFIG. 5) to bill the H-SLP operator for the location service provided tothe SET by the procedure 500. The H-SLP or H-SLP operator may recognizethe billing code as having been transferred to the SET in stage 412 ofFIG. 4 and may bill the SUPL Agent in FIG. 4 and not the SET for thelocation service provided in FIG. 5.

Referring to FIG. 6, a wireless communication system 610 includesvarious devices, such as user equipment 612 (UE), base transceiverstations (BTSs) 614 disposed in cells 616, and a base station controller(BSC) 618. A UE 612 may be an example of SET 104 in FIG. 1 and BSC 618and BTSs 614 may be part of visited/serving network 102 a and/or homenetwork 102 b in FIG. 1. The system 610 may support operation onmultiple carriers (waveform signals of different frequencies).Multi-carrier transmitters can transmit modulated signals simultaneouslyon the multiple carriers. Each modulated signal may be a Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA) signal, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)signal, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) signal,a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) signal,etc. Each modulated signal may be sent on a different carrier and maycarry pilot, overhead information, data, etc.

The BTSs 614 can wirelessly communicate with the UEs 612 via antennas.Each of the BTSs 614 may also be referred to as a base station, anaccess point, an access node (AN), a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB),etc. The BTSs 614 are configured to communicate with the UEs 612 underthe control of the BSC 618 via multiple carriers. Each of the BTSs 614can provide communication coverage for a respective geographic area,here the respective cells 616. Each of the cells 616 of the BTSs 614 ispartitioned into multiple sectors as a function of the base stationantennas.

The system 610 may include only macro base stations 614 or it can havebase stations 614 of different types, e.g., macro, pico, and/or femtobase stations, etc. A macro base station may cover a relatively largegeographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allowunrestricted access by terminals with service subscription. A pico basestation may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a pico cell)and may allow unrestricted access by terminals with servicesubscription. A femto or home base station may cover a relatively smallgeographic area (e.g., a femto cell) and may allow restricted access byterminals having association with the femto cell (e.g., terminals forusers in a home).

The UEs 612 can be dispersed throughout the cells 616. The UEs 612 maybe referred to as terminals, mobile stations, mobile devices, userequipment (UE), subscriber units, etc. Each UE may comprise a SET (SUPLEnabled Terminal), as discussed above. The UEs 612 shown in FIG. 6 mayinclude mobile telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) andvehicular navigation and/or communication systems, but may also includewireless routers, other handheld devices, netbooks, notebook computers,etc.

Referring also to FIG. 7, an example 712 of one of the UEs 612 in FIG. 6(e.g. a UE that comprises a SET 104 in FIG. 1) comprises a computersystem including a processor 720, memory 722 including software 724,input/output (I/O) device(s) 726 (e.g., a display, speaker, keypad,touch screen or touchpad, etc.) and one or more antennas 728. Theantenna(s) 728 provide communication functionality for the UE 712 andfacilitates bi-directional communication with the BTSs 614 in FIG. 6.The antennas may also enable reception and measurement of SPSsignals—e.g. signals from GPS satellite 150 in FIG. 1. The antenna(s)728 can operate based on instructions from a transmitter and/or receivermodule, which can be implemented via the processor 720 (e.g., based onsoftware 724 stored on memory 722) and/or by other components of the UE712 in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and/or software.

The processor 720 is an intelligent hardware device, e.g., a centralprocessing unit (CPU) such as those made by Intel® Corporation or AMD®,a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC),etc. The memory 722 includes non-transitory storage media such as randomaccess memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 722 storesthe software 724 which is computer-readable, computer-executablesoftware code containing instructions that are configured to, whenexecuted, cause the processor 720 to perform various functions describedherein. Alternatively, the software 724 may not be directly executableby the processor 720 but is configured to cause the computer, e.g., whencompiled and executed, to perform the functions.

Referring to FIG. 8, a particular embodiment of a system that isoperable to perform SUPL redirection or MLP tunneling to a discoveredSLP is shown and generally designated 800. The system 800 includes aSUPL server 810 communicably coupled to a mobile device 820 via one ormore access networks (e.g., an illustrative access network 830) andpossibly also via one or more transit networks (not shown in FIG. 8).SUPL server may comprise one or more transmitters, receivers, andantennas known in the art (not shown in FIG. 8). In a particularembodiment, the SUPL server 810 may be a SUPL location platform (SLP)and the mobile device 820 may be a SUPL-enabled terminal (SET). Theaccess network 830 may be a 3GPP network, a 3GPP2 network, a WiMAXnetwork, a Wi-Fi network (e.g., a network that operates in accordancewith an IEEE 802.11 standard), or some other wireless access network. Ina particular embodiment, the mobile device 820 may be a wirelesstelephone.

The SUPL server 810 may include a processor 811 and a memory 812 coupledto the processor 811. In a particular embodiment, the memory 812 maystore instructions 814 executable by the processor 811, where theinstructions represent various logical modules, components, andapplications. For example, the memory 812 may store computer-readable,computer-executable software code containing instructions that areconfigured to, when executed, cause the processor 811 to perform variousfunctions described herein. The memory 812 may also store one or moresecurity credentials of the SUPL server 810.

The mobile device 820 may include a processor 821 and a memory 822coupled to the processor 821. For example, the processor 821 and memory822 may comprise processor 720 and memory 722 of SET 712, and describedwith regard to FIG. 7. In a particular embodiment, the memory 822 storesinstructions 824 executable by the processor 821, where the instructionsmay represent various logical modules, components, and applications. Forexample instructions 824 may comprise software 724 of SET 712, anddescribed with regard to FIG. 7. For example, the memory 822 may storecomputer-readable, computer-executable software code containinginstructions that are configured to, when executed, cause the processor811 to perform various functions described herein. The memory 822 mayalso store one or more security credentials of the mobile device 820.

The methods, systems, and devices discussed above are examples. Variousconfigurations may omit, substitute, or add various procedures orcomponents as appropriate. For instance, in alternative configurations,the methods may be performed in an order different from that described,and/or various stages may be added, omitted, and/or combined. Also,features described with respect to certain configurations may becombined in various other configurations. Different aspects and elementsof the configurations may be combined in a similar manner. Also,technology evolves and, thus, many of the elements are examples and donot limit the scope of the disclosure or claims.

Specific details are given in the description to provide a thoroughunderstanding of example configurations (including implementations).However, configurations may be practiced without these specific details.For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, andtechniques have been shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoidobscuring the configurations. This description provides exampleconfigurations only, and does not limit the scope, applicability, orconfigurations of the claims. Rather, the preceding description of theconfigurations will provide those skilled in the art with an enablingdescription for implementing described techniques. Various changes maybe made in the function and arrangement of elements without departingfrom the spirit or scope of the disclosure.

Also, configurations may be described as a process that is depicted as aflow diagram or block diagram. Although each may describe the operationsas a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed inparallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations maybe rearranged. A process may have additional steps not included in thefigure. Furthermore, examples of the methods may be implemented byhardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardwaredescription languages, or any combination thereof. When implemented insoftware, firmware, middleware, or microcode, the program code or codesegments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium such as a storage medium.Processors may perform the described tasks.

Having described several example configurations, various modifications,alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used without departingfrom the spirit of the disclosure. For example, the above elements maybe components of a larger system, wherein other rules may takeprecedence over or otherwise modify the application of the invention.Also, a number of steps may be undertaken before, during, or after theabove elements are considered. Accordingly, the above description doesnot bound the scope of the claims.

The use of “adapted to” or “configured to” herein is meant as open andinclusive language that does not foreclose devices adapted to orconfigured to perform additional tasks or steps. Additionally, the useof “based on” is meant to be open and inclusive, in that a process,step, calculation, or other action “based on” one or more recitedconditions or values may, in practice, be based on additional conditionsor values beyond those recited. Headings, lists, and numbering includedherein are for ease of explanation only and are not meant to belimiting.

Embodiments in accordance with aspects of the present subject matter canbe implemented in digital electronic circuitry, in computer hardware,firmware, software, or in combinations of the preceding. In oneembodiment, a computer may comprise a processor or processors. Theprocessor comprises or has access to a computer-readable medium, such asa random access memory (RAM) coupled to the processor. The processorexecutes computer-executable program instructions stored in memory, suchas executing one or more computer programs including a sensor samplingroutine, selection routines, and other routines to perform the methodsdescribed above.

Such processors may comprise a microprocessor, a digital signalprocessor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC),field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and state machines. Suchprocessors may further comprise programmable electronic devices such asPLCs, programmable interrupt controllers (PICs), programmable logicdevices (PLDs), programmable read-only memories (PROMs), electronicallyprogrammable read-only memories (EPROMs or EEPROMs), or other similardevices.

Such processors may comprise, or may be in communication with, media,for example tangible computer-readable media, that may storeinstructions that, when executed by the processor, can cause theprocessor to perform the steps described herein as carried out, orassisted, by a processor. Embodiments of computer-readable media maycomprise, but are not limited to, all electronic, optical, magnetic, orother storage devices capable of providing a processor, such as theprocessor in a web server, with computer-readable instructions. Otherexamples of media comprise, but are not limited to, a floppy disk,CD-ROM, magnetic disk, memory chip, ROM, RAM, ASIC, configuredprocessor, all optical media, all magnetic tape or other magnetic media,or any other medium from which a computer processor can read. Also,various other devices may include computer-readable media, such as arouter, private or public network, or other transmission device. Theprocessor, and the processing, described may be in one or morestructures, and may be dispersed through one or more structures. Theprocessor may comprise code for carrying out one or more of the methods(or parts of methods) described herein.

While the present subject matter has been described in detail withrespect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated thatthose skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of theforegoing may readily produce alterations to, variations of, andequivalents to such embodiments. Accordingly, it should be understoodthat the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of examplerather than limitation, and does not preclude inclusion of suchmodifications, variations and/or additions to the present subject matteras would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for obtaining a location, the methodcomprising: engaging in a first location session with a Home Secure UserPlane Location Platform (“H-SLP”); receiving a message to switch betweencommunicating with the H-SLP to a Discovered Secure User Plane LocationPlatform (“D-SLP”); receiving a billing code from the H-SLP andproviding the billing code to the D-SLP; engaging a second locationsession with the D-SLP based on the received message; and obtaining alocation of a Secure User Plane Location (“SUPL”) Enabled Terminal(“SET”).
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the engaging in the firstlocation session comprises receiving an initiation message from theH-SLP.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the initiation messagecomprises a message configured to initiate a SUPL session.
 4. The methodof claim 2, wherein the initiation message comprises a reinitiationmessage for an ongoing generic SUPL session.
 5. The method of claim 2,wherein the engaging in the first location session further comprisesestablishing a secure connection with the H-SLP and returning a responsemessage subsequent to receipt of the initiation message.
 6. The methodof claim 5, wherein the response message further comprises informationassociated with one or more D-SLPs.
 7. The method of claim 6, whereinthe information about the one or more D-SLPs comprises one or more of: alist of authorized D-SLPs, whether the SET is in the service area of oneor more D-SLPs, whether the SET is within the service area of aparticular authorized D-SLP, or any combination thereof.
 8. The methodof claim 1, further comprising, transmitting, by the SET, a SUPL REPORTor a SUPL END to the H-SLP containing the obtained location.
 9. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising returning the location to theH-SLP.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the billing code comprises acurrent date and time, a digital signature, and is configured to be usedby the D-SLP to authenticate the SET.
 11. The method of claim 1, whereinthe first location session comprises a SUPL Positioning (“SUPL POS”)session with the H-SLP.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the receivedmessage comprises a REDIRECT message.
 13. The method of claim 1, whereinthe engaging in the second location session comprises establishing a SETinitiated SUPL session with the D-SLP, the session with the D-SLP beingseparate from the first location session.
 14. The method of claim 1,wherein the SET comprises a mobile device.
 15. A system for redirection,the system comprising: a Home Secure User Plane Location Platform(“H-SLP”) comprising: a transmitter configured to transmit an initiationmessage to a Secure User Plane Location (“SUPL”) Enabled Terminal(“SET”) and to transmit a billing code to the SET; a processorconfigured to establish a connection with the SET; and a receiverconfigured to receive a response message, wherein the transmitter isfurther configured to transmit a redirect message to the SET subsequentto receipt of the response message, and wherein the receiver is furtherconfigured to receive a message comprising a location of the SET fromthe SET subsequent to transmission of the redirect message.
 16. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein the connection with the SET comprises asecure connection.
 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the billing codecomprises a current date and time, a digital signature, and isconfigured to be used by a Discovered Secure User Plane LocationPlatform (“D-SLP”) to authenticate the SET.
 18. The system of claim 15,wherein the initiation message comprises a message configured toinitiate a SUPL session.
 19. The system of claim 15, wherein theinitiation message comprises a reinitiation message for an ongoinggeneric SUPL session.
 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the messagecomprising a location of the SET is a SUPL REPORT or a SUPL END.
 21. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein the SET comprises a mobile device.
 22. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein the response message comprises informationassociated with one or more D-SLPs.
 23. The system of claim 22, whereinthe information about the one or more D-SLPs comprises one or more of: alist of authorized D-SLPs, whether the SET is in the service area of oneor more D-SLPs, whether the SET is within the service area of aparticular authorized D-SLP, or any combination thereof.
 24. The systemof claim 15, wherein the redirect message comprises an authorized D-SLPaddress.
 25. A system for redirection comprising: a Home Secure UserPlane Location Platform (“H-SLP”) comprising: means for transmitting aninitiation message to a Secure User Plane Location (“SUPL”) EnabledTerminal (“SET”) and to transmit a billing code to the SET; means forestablishing a connection with the SET; means for receiving a responsemessage; means for transmitting a redirect message to the SET; and meansfor receiving a message comprising a location of the SET from the SET.26. The system of claim 25, wherein the billing code comprises a currentdate and time, a digital signature, and wherein the billing code isconfigured to be used by a Discovered Secure User Plane LocationPlatform (“D-SLP”) to authenticate the SET.
 27. The system of claim 25,wherein the initiation message comprises a reinitiation message for anongoing generic SUPL session.
 28. A non-transitory computer readablemedium having stored thereon computer implementable instructions that ifimplemented by one or more processing units operatively enable the oneor more processing units to: transmit an initiation message to a SecureUser Plane Location (“SUPL”) Enabled Terminal (“SET”); establish aconnection with the SET; receive a response message; transmit a billingcode to the SET transmit a redirect message to the SET; and receive amessage comprising a location of the SET from the SET.
 29. The computerreadable medium of claim 28, wherein the billing code comprises acurrent date and time, a digital signature, and wherein the billing codeis configured to be used by a Discovered Secure User Plane LocationPlatform (“D-SLP”) to authenticate the SET.
 30. The computer readablemedium of claim 28, wherein the initiation message comprises areinitiation message for an ongoing generic SUPL session.
 31. A systemfor obtaining a location, the system comprising: a Secure User PlaneLocation (“SUPL”) Enabled Terminal (“SET”) comprising: a receiverconfigured to receive a message to connect to a Discovered Secure UserPlane Location Platform (“D-SLP”); and a processor configured to: engagein a first location session with a Home Secure User Plane LocationPlatform (“H-SLP”); establish a second location session with the D-SLPbased on the received message; and receive a billing code from the H-SLPand providing the billing code to the D-SLP; obtain a location of theSET.
 32. The system of claim 31, wherein communication with the H-SLPcomprises a SUPL POS session with the H-SLP.
 33. The system of claim 31,wherein the message comprises a redirect message.
 34. The system ofclaim 31, wherein the second location session comprises a SET initiatedSUPL session with the D-SLP, the session with the D-SLP being separatefrom the first session.
 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the SETfurther comprises a transmitter, wherein the processor is configured toengage in the first location session via receiving, using the receiver,an initiation message from the H-SLP, establishing a secure connectionwith the H-SLP, and returning a response message to the initiationmessage using the transmitter, wherein the transmitter is furtherconfigured to return the obtained location of the SET.
 36. The system ofclaim 31, wherein the SET comprises a mobile device.
 37. A system forobtaining a location of a Secure User Plane Location (“SUPL”) EnabledTerminal (“SET”), the system comprising: means for engaging in a firstlocation session with a Home Secure User Plane Location Platform(“H-SLP”); means for receiving a message at the SET to switch betweencommunicating with the H-SLP to a Discovered Secure User Plane LocationPlatform (“D-SLP”); means for engaging a second location session withthe D-SLP based on the received message means for receiving a billingcode from the H-SLP and providing the billing code to the D-SLP; andmeans for obtaining a location of the SET.
 38. A non-transitory computerreadable medium having stored thereon computer implementableinstructions that if implemented by one or more processing unitsoperatively enable the one or more processing units to: engage in afirst location session with a Home Secure User Plane Location Platform(“H-SLP”); receive a message to connect to a Discovered Secure UserPlane Location Platform (“D-SLP”); establish a second location sessionwith a D-SLP based on the received message; receive a billing code fromthe H-SLP and providing the billing code to the D-SLP; and obtain alocation of a Secure User Plane Location (“SUPL”) Enabled Terminal(“SET”).